Western Sahara is a region located in the northwest of Africa. It was colonized by Spain in the 19th century and remained under Spanish control until 1975. During this time, the Sahrawi people, who inhabit the area, fought for independence from Spanish rule. In 1973, the Polisario Front was established as an independence movement, with the goal of achieving self-determination for Western Sahara. In 1975, Spain withdrew from Western Sahara and declared it a “non-self-governing territory” under United Nations supervision. This led to a period of conflict between Polisario and Morocco and Mauritania over control of the region. In 1976, Morocco annexed two thirds of the territory while Mauritania occupied one third. Polisario declared Western Sahara an independent state known as Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in 1976. The conflict between Morocco and Polisario continued until 1991 when a UN-brokered ceasefire was reached. Since then, negotiations have been ongoing between Morocco and Polisario to resolve the dispute over Western Sahara’s status as an independent state or part of Morocco. The UN has played an important role in facilitating talks between both sides but no agreement has been reached so far.
Political Systems in Western Sahara
According to thesciencetutor, Western Sahara is a disputed territory located between Morocco and Mauritania. It has been the subject of a long-running conflict between the two countries, with the majority of the population pushing for independence. The political situation in Western Sahara is complex, as there is no recognized government in control of the region. Morocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara, while the Polisario Front, an organization fighting for independence from Morocco, controls parts of it. In 1991, a ceasefire was declared and a UN-brokered peace plan was implemented to resolve the conflict. The plan called for a referendum on self-determination for Western Sahara’s people, but it has yet to be carried out due to disagreements between Morocco and Polisario over who would be eligible to vote.
Since then, both sides have been engaged in negotiations over how to proceed with the referendum, but no agreement has been reached. As a result, Western Sahara remains under Moroccan control with no official government or international recognition of its sovereignty. This has led to widespread human rights abuses by Moroccan forces in the region and restrictions on freedom of movement and expression by Sahrawi people living in occupied territories. In addition, many Sahrawi refugees are living in camps in Algeria where they are denied basic human rights such as access to education and health care services.
Judiciary System in Western Sahara
According to topb2bwebsites, the judiciary system in Western Sahara is comprised of the Supreme Court and local courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and its decisions are final. It has a five-member panel of judges who are appointed by the King, and it deals with all cases related to civil, criminal, commercial, and administrative matters. The local courts are established by law and they deal with cases involving local matters such as family law, property rights, labor disputes, etc. These courts follow a hierarchical system where decisions made at lower levels can be appealed to higher levels. All decisions made by these courts must be in accordance with the laws of Western Sahara.
The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional issues such as determining the constitutionality of laws passed by Parliament or interpreting certain provisions of the Constitution itself. In addition, it also hears appeals from lower court judgments which have been challenged on constitutional grounds. Furthermore, it has jurisdiction over civil cases concerning disputes between individuals or legal entities within its borders or abroad. For criminal cases, it decides on guilt or innocence and passes sentences according to the applicable laws of Western Sahara.
In order to ensure that justice is served fairly and that all parties involved have access to legal representation during trials or hearings before any of these courts in Western Sahara, there is an independent Bar Association that provides legal services to those who can’t afford them otherwise. This Bar Association also ensures that lawyers who practice before these courts adhere to professional standards set out by legal authorities in order for them to remain qualified for their profession.
Social Conditions in Western Sahara
The social conditions of Western Sahara are complex and highly contested. The region is divided between the Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara, and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), which is partially recognized by the African Union. Both sides are vying for control over the territory, which has been in dispute since Morocco annexed parts of it in 1975. This has led to a long-running conflict between the two sides, with human rights violations committed by both parties. As a result, there is a lack of basic infrastructure and services in much of Western Sahara, with high levels of poverty, unemployment and malnutrition. Access to education is limited and there are few economic opportunities for Sahrawis living in the region. There is also an ongoing humanitarian crisis due to displacement caused by the conflict; thousands of Sahrawis have been forced to flee their homes in search of safety or better living conditions elsewhere. The United Nations has sought to resolve this conflict through negotiations between Morocco and SADR but no lasting solution has yet been found.
